The Hôtel National des Invalides, commonly known as “Les Invalides,” is one of the most iconic monuments in Paris. With its golden dome and majestic architecture, it stands out in the 7th arrondissement and is a must-visit in the area. Among the many museums you can explore in the 7th, Les Invalides draws millions of visitors each year, captivated by French history and classical architecture.
This historic site houses several major institutions, including the Musée de l’Armée and the famous tomb of Napoleon I. Whether you’re a knowledgeable history enthusiast or simply curious to learn about France’s military past, a visit to Les Invalides promises a rich and immersive experience. In this article, discover everything you need to know to plan your visit and fully enjoy this exceptional site, which is an integral part of the history of Paris and France.
In the 7th arrondissement, from the Eiffel Tower to luxury designer boutiques, museums, exhibitions, and even gourmet restaurants, you can explore French history and Parisian lifestyle. Our hostess will be delighted to offer advice to help you organize and plan your visits and activities, both professional and leisure, in the 7th and beyond.
Historical context
The Hôtel National des Invalides, founded by Louis XIV in 1674, is an iconic monument in Paris that symbolizes monarchic grandeur and the nation’s support for its soldiers. Originally designed to house disabled and wounded soldiers, it served both as a residence and a place of care. The site’s architecture, particularly the Golden Dome added in 1706, became a symbol of royal power, and later imperial power under Napoleon Bonaparte.
During the French Revolution, Les Invalides played a strategic role, notably in 1789 during the seizure of weapons that preceded the fall of the Bastille. Later, in 1840, Napoleon’s ashes were repatriated here, making the Dome his tomb and a national place of remembrance. Over the centuries, it has evolved to include a church, hospitals, and other essential facilities.
Throughout the centuries, Les Invalides continued to welcome wounded soldiers, especially during the two World Wars, and it has become a site for commemorating the nation’s heroes. This unique place, steeped in history, bears witness to the sacrifices of French soldiers and the evolution of French society through the ages.
Overview of the museum spaces
Today, Les Invalides encompasses several major institutions that offer a fascinating dive into France’s military history through various unique collections, including the Musée de l’Armée, the Musée des Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée de l’Ordre de la Libération, making this site a must-visit for military history enthusiasts.
The Musée de l’Armée (Army Museum)
With 1.2 million annual visitors, the Musée de l’Armée (Army Museum) ranks among the top ten most visited museums in France. It offers an in-depth exploration of the Hôtel des Invalides and the tomb of Napoleon I. The museum showcases a vast collection of weapons, armor, emblems, military iconography, uniforms, and artillery pieces, tracing the entire military history of France.
Guided tours, workshops, and conferences are organized throughout the year. Discover one of the world’s largest collections of military art and history, with nearly 500,000 objects on display through an educational journey.
The Tomb of Napoleon I
Beneath the golden dome of the Hôtel des Invalides (Hotel of the Invalids) lies the tomb of Napoleon I, a place of reflection that offers insight into the life and legend of the emperor. The tomb also houses the remains of his brothers (Jérôme and Joseph Bonaparte) and those of the Duke of Reichstadt (known as “L’Aiglon”), as well as the famous marshal Turenne.
The tomb, made of red porphyry, rests on a green granite base from the Vosges, surrounded by a laurel wreath and twelve Victory statues representing the emperor’s military campaigns. The circular gallery features sculpted bas-reliefs depicting Napoleon’s achievements, such as the creation of the Legion of Honor and the Civil Code. The statue of Napoleon, dressed in his imperial regalia, stands prominently at the back of the crypt.
The Musée des Plans-Reliefs (Relief Map Museum)
Founded in 1668 under Louis XIV, the Musée des Plans-Reliefs (Relief Map Museum) spans more than two centuries of the history of warfare and sieges. Originally used for strategic military training, this museum is now an exceptional source of documentation on the history of architecture and urban planning.
It showcases more than 100 historical models of fortified cities, such as Mont-Saint-Michel and Bayonne, illustrating the harmonious integration of buildings, fortifications, and landscapes. Visitors can explore these sites through models, maps, and interactive multimedia stations.
The Musée de l’Ordre de la Libération (Museum of the Order of the Liberation)
Established by General de Gaulle in 1940, the Ordre de la Libération (Order of the Liberation) was created to honor those who contributed to the liberation of France. The Musée de l’Ordre de la Libération, founded in 1970, traces the journey of the Free French fighters and the Resistance.
Covering an area of 1,200 square meters, nearly 2,000 artifacts bear witness to the commitment and hardships endured between 1940 and 1945, most of which were donated by the Companions of the Liberation or their families.
Special Exhibitions and Events
The Musée des Invalides in Paris offers more than just its permanent collections; it also hosts a rich program of temporary exhibitions and special events throughout the year. These initiatives allow visitors to explore French military history and the many facets of Les Invalides from a fresh perspective.
Temporary Exhibitions
Each year, several temporary exhibitions are organized to delve into specific themes related to military history, prominent historical figures, or technological advancements in weaponry and defense. These exhibitions are often accompanied by rare artifacts, archival documents, films, and interactive reconstructions.
For instance, a recent exhibition explored the life of Napoleon Bonaparte through his military campaigns, strategies, and innovations. Another exhibition highlighted the medical and technological advancements during the two World Wars, showcasing how these conflicts accelerated the development of surgery and military medicine.
Live Shows and Historical Reenactments
The Musée des Invalides also hosts live shows, including historical reenactments, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the atmosphere of different eras. These events are particularly popular with families and history enthusiasts. Actors in period costumes recreate battle scenes, ceremonies, and moments from the daily lives of soldiers.
Conferences and Symposia
Conferences and symposia are regularly organized at Les Invalides, bringing together historians, researchers, and military experts to discuss a wide range of topics such as military strategies, major battles, or the biographies of famous figures. These events offer the public a unique opportunity to meet specialists and deepen their knowledge.
Night Shows and Projections
Les Invalides also transforms into a venue for night shows, featuring projections and light displays that illuminate the dome and the building’s facades. These shows, often accompanied by music, narrate significant episodes from French history in a visual and immersive manner. The projections on the golden dome are particularly impressive and draw numerous visitors each year.
Commemorative Events
Les Invalides also plays a central role in national commemorations. Official ceremonies are held to mark important dates in French military history, such as July 14th (Bastille Day), November 11th (Armistice Day of 1918), and May 8th (Victory in Europe Day, 1945). These ceremonies often include military parades, official speeches, and tributes to fallen soldiers.
The museum spaces at Les Invalides in Paris, with their diverse permanent and temporary exhibitions, as well as special events, offer an enriching and immersive experience for all visitors.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, a fan of live performances, or simply curious to explore the country’s military past, the Musée des Invalides in Paris provides a unique and fascinating experience. Start exploring the pages of our history now and discover the heroes who shaped the destiny of France.
Do you enjoy shows and immersing yourself in the ambiance of the past? The cabaret dinner shows have an incredible power to make you feel as if you were truly there!
To plan your visit, find detailed programming, and see the dates of upcoming events, visit the official website of the Musée des Invalides.
